The end of the preamble and the beginning of the agreement itself are often referred to by the words “agreed as follows.” International agreements are formal agreements or commitments between two or more countries. An agreement between two countries is described as “bilateral,” while an agreement between several countries is “multilateral.” Countries bound by countries bound by an international convention are generally referred to as “Parties.” 8. By nature, tacit and oral agreements do not give detailed promises and rarely refer to contingencies or remedial measures. One thinks, for example, of informal cooperation between friendly intelligence agencies such as the US Central News Agency and the Israeli Mossad. In addition to the exchange of information, both sides carry out unsired espionage. But what are the limits? What is contrary to the informal agreement and does it distinguish serious offences of “normal fraud”? To resolve these issues and promote regular cooperation, the United States and Israel signed informal agreements, beginning with a secret agreement in 1951. However, these agreements are necessarily incomplete, which sometimes makes it difficult to distinguish between fraud and authorized activity. According to Blitzer, “U.S. prison officers…
Long suspected that Israel was playing quickly and easily with the long-standing American understanding, which excludes covert operations against each other. Yes, we always spy on something, even with friends and close allies. But it is far from planting a “mole” in the intelligence community of a friendly country. There is therefore a big difference between, on the one hand, the discreet operations of recording messages and the actual exploitation of paid spies in the country on the other, on the other. Over time, actors can apply sanctions and exhortations to define these possible obligations and indicate the limits of their tolerance. But the ambiguities will certainly remain. See Blitzer, Wolf, Territory of Lies: The Exclusive Story of Jonathan Jay Pollard – The American Who Spied on His Country for Israel and How He Was Betrayed (New York: Harper – Row, 1989), p. 163; and Raviv, Dan and Melman, Yossi, Every Spy a Prince: The Complete History of Israel`s Intelligence Community (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1990), 77 and following. The separation between the two is often unclear and is often politicized in disagreements within a government over a treaty, because a treaty cannot be implemented without a proper change in national legislation.